Basics
Topology optimization

In engineering practice, topology optimization of load-carrying structures is, roughly speaking, a three-step procedure, consisting of:

• Model preparation
• Optimization
• Model finalization

as shown in the figure below.

Figure. Topology optimization in engineering practice - a three-step procedure

Model preparation

Model preparation comprises the preparation of the design (CAD) and finite element method (FEM) model. This can be done in a suitable modeler like PTC® Creo®, Simulia® Abaqus, SolidWorks® Simulation, or SIEMENS NX™. The modeling procedure is essentially the same as in usual FEA. However, if the intent is to optimize the structure, there are quite some issues that have to be addressed very carefully. Otherwise, the optimization results will not be satisfactory.

Optimization

The optimization process depends on the actual optimizer employed. In general, however, the numerical procedure is iterative and requires more or less FEA cycles. Within each cycle the FEA results are exploited in order to improve the current design.

Model finalization

In topology optimization the output of the optimizer is typically a non-parametrized geometry, often specified in a form of a STL file. This output has to be brought back into the modeler in order to:

• parametrize and fine tune the final design,
• make eventual corrections, and
• verify the structural response by running an independent FEA.

This procedure depends on the utilized modeler.